《园冶》与《长物志》关于“掇山理水”章节比较研究

Comparative Study on the Chapters about "Hills and Water" in Yuan Ye and Zhang Wu Zhi

日本学者冈大路《中国宫苑园林史考》中的"文震亨可能基于对《园冶》文本所缺少的理水方面,而对其所遗漏的部分进行增补有遂著《长物志》"观点错误在于《园冶》成书在后,《长物志》成书在前。这两文本关于"掇山理水"章节编排的差异在于基于山、水两者互成的关系,《园冶》中"理水"的内容被收录到"掇山"章节中,之所以理水内容可以在掇山章节内是因为水的形态难以脱离固态的山石而单独自有,而是得形于水所在的容器——山石形态。基于此对《园冶》《长物志》及当代园林的理水分类进行对比分析展示不同作者、时代的理水观念。由此,可知中国传统思维对事物之间关联性的关注,这种异于当下西方的思考逻辑正是传统给以当代的启示。

What Japanese scholar Oka Ooji related"Based on the lack of the chapter on water in Yuan Ye,Wen Zhenheng wrote Zhang Wu Zhi in order to complement defects in Yuan Ye"in his History of Chinese Royal Gardens is wrong,because Yuan Ye was finished behind Zhang Wu Zhi.The reason on differences about the two books of the plan of the chapters on the"shaping of hills"and"shaping of water"is that hills and water are shaped by each other,so the content of shaping water is included in the chapter of shaping hills in Yuan Ye.Also,the deep reason is the shaping of water is related to the shaping of hills,and it cannot be figured by itself.Then,the classification on shaping of water is compared among Yuan Ye,Zhang Wu Zhi and contemporary landscape which displays different eras and authors focus on different aspects.Thus,traditional Chinese cogitation focuses on the relationship of elements,which is the enlightenment supplying another logic method different from the west for present.