论王阳明自得精神及其对后世的影响

Wang Yangming's Spirit of Complacency and the Influences

自得是人类精神生活中的普遍现象。孟子对自得作了论述,但语焉不详,为后世留下了诠释的空间,王阳明钟情于自得精神,从学术观、认识论与权威观这三方面作了发挥。他赋予"良知"以权威主义的品性,对后世产生了深遽的影响。王艮作为王阳明的亲传弟子,在"多发明自得"指导下,把王阳明的"心本"论,发展成为"身本"论。李贽依据"务以自得"的原则,得出"穿衣吃饭,即是人伦物理"的著名论断。明清之际的启蒙学者张岱、傅山、黄宗羲,他们与众不同的见解与受阳明自得精神影响是分不开的。哲人的自得精神,是思想创新的关键所在。

Complacency is a common phenomenon in human spiritual life.Mencius discussed complacency but just gave a few details which left room for later generations to interpret.Wang Yangming was passionate for complacency spirit and gave his own interpretation from academic,epistemological and authoritarian perspectives.He endowed“conscience”with the character of authoritarianism and left profound impact on later generations.As a disciple of Wang Yangming,Wang Gen developed the theory of“heart nature”into the theory of“body nature”influenced by Wang Yangming’s idea of“more complacency should be created”.Based on the principle of“more labor,more complacency”,Li Zhi came to the famous conclusion that“dressing well and eating well is human nature”.Zhang Dai,Fu Shan and Huang Zongxi,the enlightenment scholars during Ming and Qing dynasties were also influenced by the complacency spirit of Wang Yangming which made them have unusual views toward life.The philosopher’s spirit of complacency is the key to idea innovation.