济南市水域鱼类功能群结构及其季节性变化

Structure and Seasonal Changes of Fish Functional Groups in Jinan Region

鱼类对于维护河流生态系统的稳定具有重要作用,季节性变化在一定程度上影响鱼类的群落结构.为了解济南市水域鱼类的功能群结构及其季节性差异,于2014年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)选取济南市水域的40个采样点对鱼类群落和水环境理化因子,通过单因素方差分析、多响应置换过程以及典范对应分析等方法,分析鱼类功能群在不同季节的差异性.结果表明:(1)春季共鉴定出鱼类5目7科26种,夏季为5目9科32种,秋季为5目7科20种.将鱼类按栖息水层、产卵类型、对环境的耐受性以及营养结构4个方面分为4种功能类群共11亚类.春季主要以植食性、底层与敏感种功能群为主,夏季主要以肉食性、中下层、耐污种、特殊产卵与粘性卵功能群为主,秋季主要以杂食性、浮性卵、中上层、耐污种功能群为主.(2)典范对应结果显示,影响粘性卵功能群、肉食性功能群、底层功能群以及敏感种功能群分布的驱动因子是ρ(DO),电导率则是影响植食性功能群的驱动因子.研究显示,鱼类功能群的季节性变化受到内源性和外源性的共同影响,即鱼类自身生活习性和水环境因子季节性变化的共同影响.

Fish play an important role in maintaining the stability of river ecosystems.Seasonal changes affect fish community structure to a certain extent.In order to understand the structure and seasonal differences of functional groups of fish in Jinan City,40 samples from the waters of Jinan City were selected in spring(May),summer(August)and autumn(November)in 2014 for the fish communities.The physicochemical factors of the water and environment were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance,multi-response replacement process,and canonical correspondence analysis to analyze the differences of fish functional groups in different seasons.The results showed that:(1)A total of 26 species of fish were identified in spring,including 5 orders and 7 families;32 species were identified in summer,including 5 orders and 9 families;20 species were identified in autumn,including 5 orders 7 families.The fish is divided into four subgroups of four functional groups in terms of habitat layer,spawning type,tolerance to the environment,and nutrition structure.In spring,the main functional groups were herbivorous,bottom layer and sensitive species.In summer,the main functional groups were carnivorous,lower middle level,antifouling,special spawning and viscous egg functional groups.In autumn,the main omnivorous and buoyant egg groups were upper middle layer and antifouling functional groups dominant.(2)Canonical correspondence results showed that:the driving factor that affects the distribution of sticky egg functional groups,carnivorous functional groups,underlying functional groups,and the distribution of sensitive functional groups is dissolved oxygen;the electrical conductivity is the driving factor that affects the herbivorous functional group.Seasonal changes in fish functional groups occurred by combined endogenous and exogenous combined effects,which means the combined effects of seasonal change on living habits and environmental factors.