公共空间安全感研究:以上海城市街景感知为例

Study on Perceived Safety in Public Spaces: Take Perception of Stree View in Shanghai as an Example

在文献基础上梳理了街道安全感影响因素,并采用上海样本检验了"街道眼"等西方街道安全理论。邀请30位学生和30位市民对上海5个不同发展时期社区的300张百度街景图片进行安全感评定。实验发现绿视率、管理程度、车道数等都对安全感起着显著作用,并分别建立了单双车道和多车道街道空间的安全感回归模型。其中发现绿视率(单双车道相关系数R=0.728,p<0.01;多车道相关系数R=0.471,p<0.01)、管理程度(单双车道相关系数R=0.766,p<0.01;多车道相关系数R=0.450,p<0.01)、车道数量因素(相关系数R=0.502,p<0.01)对安全感均有显著的积极作用,界面透明度(单双车道相关系数R=0.222,p<0.01)、独立自行车道(相关系数R=0.309,p<0.01)及设计美感(相关系数R=0.432,p<0.01)等因素在单双车道空间中具有积极影响,而助动车与自行车(单双车道相关系数R=-0.327,p<0.01;多车道相关系数R=-0.281,p<0.01)在对安全感知评价具有消极影响,机动车(单双车道相关系数R=0.251,p<0.01;多车道相关系数R=-0.327,p<0.01)在单双车道与多车道空间中呈现相反的作用。

On the basis of literature,the paper sorts out factors influencing sense of security in streets.It also tests western street security theories,such as the Street Eye theory,with the Shanghai samples.It invites 30 students and 30 citizens to evaluate 300 Baidu street view pictures of Shanghai communities in five different development periods in terms of sense of security.The results showed that the green vision rate,management level and number of lanes leave significant impacts on sense of security,while different impact on perceived safety.It sets up security regression models for single-and double-lane and multi-lane street space,finding that the green vision rate(single-and double-lane correlation coefficient R=0.728,p<0.01;multi-lane correlation coefficient R=0.471,p<0.01),management level(single-and double-lane correlation coefficient R=0.766,p<0.01;multi-lane correlation coefficient R=0.450,p<0.01),and number of lanes(correlation coefficient R=0.502,p<0.01)have a significant positive effect on the sense of security.Interface transparency(single-and double-lane correlation coefficient R=0.222,p=0.010),independent bicycle lane(correlation coefficient R=0.309,p<0.01)and design aesthetics factors(correlation coefficient R=0.432,p<0.01)have a positive impact in the single and double lane space.Scooters and bicycles(single-and double-lane correlation coefficient R=-0.327,p<0.01;multi-lane correlation coefficient R=-0.281,p<0.01)have a negative impact on safety perception evaluation.Motor vehicles(single-and double-lane correlation coefficient R=0.251,p<0.01;multilane correlation coefficient R=-0.327,p<0.01)present opposite effect in single and double lanes,and multi-lane space.