高等教育质量的宏观测度与时空差异——中国大学排行榜数据背后的故事

The Macro-measurement and Time-space Difference of Higher Education Quality:An Empiric Study with the Data of Chinese University Ranking

提升高等教育质量是教育改革发展的核心任务,而量化并揭示高等教育质量的演变规律则是质量提升的研究前提。以中国各大机构的大学排行榜为基础数据,运用加权法对我国各省市高等教育的宏观质量进行了测度和解释。结论显示:从纵向看,尽管大部分传统优势省市的高等教育仍具有相对较高的质量,但其趋势却表现出下降的特征;相反,新兴崛起省市的高等教育质量则呈现出了上升的趋势。从横向看,高等教育质量在地区间存在着发展失衡的现象,东部、中部和西部间呈现出依次下降的特征。从成因来看,历史文化、地理位置和经济发展是高等教育质量出现时空差异的客观因素,而高校自身的发展思路,尤其是人才引进策略,则是缩小高等教育质量发展差距更为根本的主观因素。因此,制定并实施优惠的人才引进政策是提升高等教育质量和缩小教育发展差距的关键所在。

Improving the quality of higher education is a core task of education reform and development,while quantifying and revealing the evolution of higher education quality is the academic premise of quality development.Based on the data of Chinese university ranking,this paper uses weighted method to measure and explain the macro quality of higher education in various provinces and cities in China.Conclusions show that from a vertical perspective,although higher education in most traditional,predominant provinces still has relatively high quality,the trend shows declining characteristics;but on the contrary,the rising quality of higher education in newly emerging provinces and cities has shown an upward trend.From a horizontal perspective,the quality of higher education is characterized by imbalanced development among regions.The eastern,central and western regions showed a decline in turn.From the cause of view,history,culture,geographical location and economic development are the objective factors for the time-space difference in the quality of higher education.The development ideas of colleges and universities,especially the ideas of talents introduction,are more fundamental subjective factors in narrowing the quality development gap in higher education.Therefore,formulating and implementing preferential policies on talents introduction is the key to improving the quality of higher education and reducing the disparity in education development.