从释褐看北魏“膏腴”群体的身份特质——以出土墓志为基础

The Fertile Group's Identity Traits of the Northern Wei Dynasty From the Career Starting Point——Centered on the Unearthed Epitaphs

古语"膏腴"一词常指代名门贵胄,北魏士族化改革把它变成阀阅序列中的等级。出土墓志资料显示,三代世资均值在象征中央核心权力层的三品以上方能入围,涵盖胡汉顶级高门。墓志所载膏腴履历中的释褐信息能够客观、准确地反映其身份特质,他们凭借超品或一品乡品,以旧令五品、新令正八品以上的各类清官登仕,起家年龄约20岁,整体档次介于皇室宗亲与乡品二品士族之间,处于士族阶级的上层。膏腴植根于唯门第是从的中古贵族主义的土壤,贯彻家世流品的原则,是北魏门阀化改革的制度成果。

The fertile group was the synonym of the noble family and became the rank in the family status during the Han culture reformation.According to the epitaph materials,the average of the family background must be above the third line,which represented the central core authority containing the Hu and Han top families.The fertile group's identity traits were objectively reflected by the official career starting point.They were located between the royal clan and the ordinary nobility and were regarded as the upper class of the governors.It was the medieval aristocratism that dominated the special stratum's formation and operation.So the emergence of the fertile group was the product of the social pedigree change.