甲黑素细胞疾病的诊疗进展

The Progress of the Diagnosis and Therapy for Nail Melanocytic Disease

甲黑素细胞疾病是引起纵行黑甲最主要的原因之一,包括甲母质黑素细胞活化、良性甲黑素细胞增生以及甲恶性黑素瘤。其中,甲黑素瘤恶性程度高,早期缺乏特异的临床表现,常造成漏诊、误诊,严重影响患者预后。了解甲单元的特殊解剖结构及黑素细胞特点,有助于甲黑素细胞疾病的诊断及鉴别。本文就甲黑素细胞相关的解剖学特点、疾病分类以及甲黑素瘤的诊疗进展综述如下。

Nail melanocytic disease is one of the main etiology of longitudinal melanonychia,including nail matrix melanocyte activation,benign nail melanocyte proliferation and nail malignant melanoma.Particularly,nail melanoma has a high degree of malignancy,along with nonspecific clinical features,often resulting in misdiagnosis and poor prognosis.Understanding the specific anatomic structure of nail unit and melanocyte characteristics can help the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of nail melanocytic diseases.This paper systematically summarizes the anatomy of nail melanocyte,classification of the related diseases and the progress of the diagnosis and therapy for nail melanoma.