常见表现为甲黑线的疾病及其组织学改变

Clinical and Histological Features of the Diseases of Nails Manifested as Pigmented Line

甲黑线临床较为常见,多种良恶性疾病均可表现为甲黑线。本文重点介绍甲黑素细胞疾病的组织病理表现,包括甲黑素细胞活化和黑素细胞增生,前者是指黑素细胞的数量没有增加,但黑素细胞功能活跃,树突明显,常见于多种良性疾病;而后者是指黑素细胞的数量增加,可见于甲母痣和甲黑素瘤。在标记甲黑素细胞的免疫组化抗体中,HMB45较为敏感,也可加用SOX10或MITF来观察。

A variety of benign and malignant diseases can be manifested as pigmented line of nail.In this paper,the clinical and histological features of common diseases presenting as the pigmented line of nail are introduced.Histological examination of the nail divided longitudinal melanonychia into two broad groups:malanocytic activation and melanocytic hyperplasia.The former refers to the melanotic pigmentation,without any increase in the density of melanocyte,although the pigmented dendrites were obvious,which were commonly seen in various benign diseases.The latter was defined as an increased number of matrix melanocytes,which can be seen in nevus and malignant melanoma.Immunostaining with HMB45 is an sensitive antibody to label nail melanocytes than other marks,and SOX10 or MITF are useful to visualize the melanocytes.