黑甲的皮肤镜观察与鉴别诊断

The Dermoscopy Observation and Differential Diagnosis of Melanonychia

黑甲是甲板部分或全部变成黑色或褐色,其病因复杂,主要包括黑素细胞属性和非黑素细胞属性所致色素沉着。其中,甲母质黑素细胞不典型增生所致的甲黑素瘤恶性程度高、易转移、预后差,应引起临床医生的重视。近年来,皮肤镜作为一种无创检查方式,在黑甲的病因学诊断中发挥了重要的辅助作用。本文就黑甲的各类病因及其相应皮肤镜表现综述如下。

Melanonychia is about nail plate which partly or totally becomes black or brown.The etiology of melanonychia is complex,mainly including melanocytic and non-melanocytic pigmentation.Particularly,nail melanoma deriving from the atypical hyperplasia of nail matrix melanocytes is malignant,easily metastasizes and commonly has a poor diagnosis which should be put special emphasis by clinicians.Recently,dermoscopy has played a role in the etiology diagnosis of melanonychia through a noninvasive way.This paper systematically summarizes the etiology and dermoscopic features of melanonychia.