村镇生活垃圾低成本收运系统空间布局方法研究

Research on Spatial Distribution Method of Low-cost Living Waste Collection and Transportation System in Villages and Towns

为进一步降低占村镇生活垃圾处置总费用70%的收运系统运行成本,缓解村镇生活垃圾"处理贵、处理难"的现实问题,以影响村镇生活垃圾收运系统运行成本的关键要素"设施空间布局"为研究对象,运用复杂网络分析方法刻画村镇生活垃圾收运系统运行机理,构建有向加权复杂网络模型及"成本"评价分析指标体系,测量收运系统复杂网络整体结构与个体特征。挖掘"转运站"或"压缩站"控制收运系统成本总量的运行机理,量化成本构成特征并识别出控制收运系统运行成本的重要设施以及空间布局形式;提出"镇转运站"或"压缩站"应布局在所服务区域中心位置且减少"跨层级"收运的收运系统层级优化原则以及应以"高节点影响力-高布局成本敏感度"类型的重点设施布局优化原则;提出适应不同村镇的收运系统"成本优先型"与"环境优先型"布局模式。为构建低成本生活垃圾收运系统规划建设提供科学方法。

In order to further reduce the operating cost of collection and transportation systems in villages and towns,which accounts for 70%of the total cost of domestic garbage disposal,in this research it constructed a research method and proposed a planning optimization strategy to alleviate the practical problems of“difficulties in handling and disposal with high cost”of living wastes in rural areas.It took the key element,“space layout of facilities”,as the research object,which dominate the operation cost of domestic garbage disposal.A complex network analysis method was introduced to scrutinize the operation mechanism of the domestic garbage collection and transportation system,and a model of directed and weighted complex network along with a“cost”evaluation and analysis index system were constructed to examine the overall structure and individual characteristics of the complex network.For cost control purpose,the operation of“transfer station”or“compression station”were carefully analyzed to quantify their cost composition,and then identify the critical facilities and the associated spatial layouts.It proposed the hierarchical optimization principle for the planning of collection and transportation system:“transfer station”or“compression station”should be placed in the center of service area;the actions of“cross-level”collecting or transporting should be reduced.And it stressed the key facility layout optimization principle,which characterized the type of layout with“high node influence-high layout cost sensitivity”.This research concluded a“cost-first”and“environment-first”layout model for the construction of collection and transportation systems suitable for different villages and towns.It would provide scientific insight for planning of low-cost domestic garbage collection and transportation system in rural community.