试论中国古代社会形态的重新分期

A preliminary study of the reclassification of the social forms of ancient China

中国古代的思想文化生长在社会形态的土壤与背景之上,与社会形态有千丝万缕的联系。因此,中国古代社会形态的认识就成为学术研究的一个基本问题。在这个问题上,已有的认识相当混乱。本文依据古代大量资料和新近研究成果,对中国古代社会形态的分期作了重新划分,即将上古视为原始公天下社会、将夏商周视为政治分权的封建社会,将秦至清朝视为皇权专制社会,并对此作了颇富说服力的论证。

The ideology and culture of ancient China emerged from its social forms with inseparable connections.Thus,the understanding of the social forms of ancient China has become a major concern in the relevant academic research,but there is much confusion over this issue.Based on a review of historical materials and recent research findings,this paper reclassifies the stages of the social forms of ancient China with convincing evidences,that is,the ancient times of China as the primitive public society,the Xia,the Shang and the Zhou dynasties as the feudal society of political decentralization,and the period from the Qin dynasty to the Qing dynasty as the imperial autocratic society.