中国顶级马拉松赛事竞争力的综合评价与实证研究

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Competitiveness of Top Marathons Events in China

高水平体育赛事已成为体育事业发展的重要助推手段和城市软实力展示的重要媒介,受到了全世界的重视。面对频繁举办的各类体育赛事,其竞争力评价对城市、主办者、参与者都具有重要意义。为科学评价我国体育赛事的竞争力水平,从基础竞争力和核心竞争力两个子系统出发构建马拉松赛事竞争力评价指标体系,采用结构熵权法和均方差决策法进行主客观联合赋权,并以我国13个顶级马拉松赛事为例,完成其竞争力综合评价的实证研究。研究发现:(1)经本研究构建评价指标体系实证所得出的我国顶级马拉松赛事竞争力排序与Ga WC(Globalization and World Cities)组织的世界城市排名结果具有较高匹配度,且这一结果较好契合现状认知,表明该评价指标体系和方法可为其他同类体育赛事竞争力的评价研究提供借鉴。(2)实证中马拉松赛事的基础竞争力与举办城市本身的社会经济实力密切相关,香港、北京、上海和广州等国际一流城市举办的马拉松赛事基础竞争力远远高于衡水等欠发达城市。(3)总体上第三方参度与和赛事水平在马拉松赛事核心竞争力中起着关键作用,台北、厦门、兰州等经济总量不大或中等偏上的城市马拉松赛事的核心竞争力排名比较靠前。(4)我国顶级马拉松赛事的综合竞争力排名从高到低为:香港、北京、广州、台北、上海、杭州、兰州、重庆、厦门、太原、深圳、东营和衡水。(5)我国顶级马拉松赛事竞争力可分为五个等级:香港、北京、广州和上海的马拉松赛事为高水平均衡型;台北和兰州的马拉松赛事为高水平单一型;杭州、重庆、太原和深圳的马拉松赛事为中等水平均衡型;厦门和东营的马拉松赛事为中等水平单一型;衡水马拉松赛事为低水平单一型。等级划分基础上还针对政府、组织者和参与者提出了发展运营、赛事组织、参与选择等方面的对策建议。

High-level sports events have attracted worldwide attention for promoting the development of the urban as well as showing the culture of the urban.Tens of thousands of sports events are held every year in recent years,and it is of great significance for the urban,the organizers as well as the participants eval?uating the competitiveness of top sports events.To scientifically evaluate the competitive level of sports competition in China,through using structure entropy weight method and mean-squared deviation weight decision method to calculate the subjective and objective joint weight coefficient of the marathon event com?petitiveness index system,which is built on the two basic subsystems:the basic competitiveness and the core competitiveness,we conducted a study on the com?petitiveness of the 13 IAAF-certified international marathon events in China.The results showed that:(1)The ranking of competitiveness of the top marathons in China of this research was corresponding to the ranking of the world cities reported by the GaWC(Globalization and World Cities),and the result was also cor?responding to the social status,which represented that the evaluation index system can be a sample for researches of the same sports events in the future.(2)The basic competitiveness was closely related to the socio-economic strength of the city where the marathon event was held.For example,basic competitiveness of marathon events held in international first-class cities,such as Hong Kong,Beijing,Guangzhou,is much higher than that of under-developed cities such as Hengshui.(3)While the third participations and level of competition played a key role in the core competitiveness of marathon events.Marathon events,which are held in cities with greater economy aggregate or with above-average economy such as Taipei,Xiamen,Lanzhou and other cities,are the top of the rankings.(4)The rankings of the IAAF-certified Chinese marathon competitions were above,which were from high-ranking to low-ranking:Hong Kong,Beijing,Guang?zhou,Taipei,Shanghai,Hangzhou,Lanzhou,Chongqing,Xiamen,Taiyuan,Shenzhen,Dongying and Hengshui,which has a high degree of match with the world cities ranking certified by the GaWC(Globalization and World Cities)organization.(5)The competitiveness of marathon events in 13 cities were divided into five levels:the Marathon events in Hong Kong,Beijing,Guangzhou and Shanghai are at a high-level balanced type;the marathon events in Taipei and Lanzhou were at a high-level single type;the marathon events in Hangzhou,Chongqing,Taiyuan and shenzhen were at a medium-level balanced type;the marathon events in Xiamen and Dongying are at a medium-level single type;and the Hengshui marathon was at a low-level single type.On the basis of the grading,we proposed some recommendations for the three main actors of government,organizers and participants,such as development operations,event organization,and participation in selection.