正念接纳承诺对提高大学生运动表现和心理效益的干预研究

An Intervention Study of Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment on Sport Performance and Psychological Benefits among College Students

通过试验组-控制组前测后测试验设计,考查正念接纳承诺干预对提升大学生运动表现和心理效益的作用。被试来自体育院校高尔夫选修课的51名大学生,试验组(n=33)接受高尔夫常规教学和正念接纳承诺干预,控制组(n=18)只接受高尔夫常规教学。用高尔夫推杆进洞成绩测量运动表现,用正念五因素问卷、接纳与行动问卷、竞赛状态焦虑问卷测量心理效益。重复测量方差分析的结果表明:(1)无论是推杆进洞的大洞成绩还是小洞成绩,正念接纳承诺组和控制组的后测均比前测有所提升,同时,在推杆进洞小洞成绩上,正念接纳承诺组的提升效果显著高于控制组;(2)在正念五因素问卷5个分量表和问卷总分上,正念接纳承诺组的提升效果均显著高于控制组;(3)正念接纳承诺干预能够显著降低经验回避;(4)在竞赛状态焦虑问卷上,正念接纳承诺能够降低认知焦虑,提升状态自信心,但是在本研究中,正念接纳承诺组的躯体焦虑得分反而显著高于控制组。结论:正念接纳承诺干预能够很好地提升运动表现和心理效益,可以推广到运动技能形成阶段的大学生群体。

The purpose of present pretest-posttest control group design was to examine the intervention effects of Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment(MAC)on sport performance and psychological benefits.Totally,51 participants were recruited from golf elective course in PE college and were assigned to MAC group(n=33)and control group(n=18).Participants were asked to record hole-in scores using putter,and to assess the Five Facet Mindfulness Question-naire(FFMQ),the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition(AAQ-Ⅱ),and the Competitive State Activity Inventory-2(SCAI-2)at pre-,posttreatment(70minutes,6 weeks)through self-report.The results of repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that,(1)The scores of posttest in both MAC group and control group were significant higher than the scores of the pretest in both big hole and small hole.Meanwhile,the improvement effect of MAC group in small hole-in score was significantly higher than that of control group.(2)MAC intervention improved the mindfulness trait of participants significantly.(3)MAC intervention decreased the level of experimental avoidance significantly.(4)On the Competitive State Activity Inventory-2,MAC intervention was able to decrease the level of cognitive anxiety,and increase the level of state confidence,however,MAC resulted in increase in physical anxiety.Mindfulness-Accep-tance-Commitment intervention improved sport performance and psychological benefits of college students,and could be applied to the college students in the formation stage of motor skill.