足球小场地比赛的负荷等级设定与体能训练效果的Meta分析

Meta Analysis of Setting of Exercise Load and the Evaluation of Physical Training for Small Sided Game in Soccer Players

足球SSG训练在得到普遍认可的同时,也因参与对象水平不同和练习组织多样难以确定负荷等级与训练效果。在总结影响足球SSG训练训练效果因素的基础上,通过检索Pub Med、EBSCO Host、WOS、中国知网等数据库,收集足球SSG训练相关文献进行系统分析与评价。结果显示,足球SSG训练负荷主要受到参与者运动水平、人均场地面积、参与人数、练习强度设计4个因素的影响。其中,较高足球专项水平参与者在双方各4~5人、较小人均面积下进行的SSG训练负荷强度更高,专业或职业运动员对训练条件变化的反应较小。对于拥有较高足球专项水平的参与者而言,每周不低于2次的中高强度SSG训练可以提高其VO2max水平,但对弹跳能力提高作用有限;每周2次以上的高强度练习可以提高其短距离,特别是10 m左右短距离的冲刺能力。建议采用每周2次以上的高强度SSG训练用以提高足球运动员的有氧和短距离冲刺能力。

The small sided game(SSG)training have been generally accepted,but it is difficult to confirm the exercise load and training effect for different par-ticipants and organizational forms.On the basis of summarize the factors about SSG in soccer,by searching the PubMed,EBSCO Host,WOS,CNKI,collecting the documentations about SSG in soccer to make system analysis and evaluation.The results showed the factors about exercise load of SSG in soccer mainly get the level of participants,per capita area,the number of players and the designing of exercise intensity.When the higher level participants take part in a 4v4 or 5v5 format in smaller place,they will get the higher intensity of exercise.Professional athlete’s physical reaction was lower under the changing of training de-sign.For the higher level participants,SSG in soccer can enhance theirs VO2max under medium or high intensity of training not lower than twice exercise per week,but cannot make function about jump,the high intensity exercise can enhance their sprint ability,especially around 10m above twice exercise per week.The article suggests that adopt SSG which for high intensity exercise above twice per week to develop the athlete’s aerobic and sprint ability.