动作技能学习神经生理机制研究

Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Motor Learning

动作技能学习是人类活动的基础,对人类的生存与发展具有重要意义。长期以来,侧重于动作的外显行为或部分神经活动研究,忽视从技能习得角度阐释其神经生理机制。以神经结构和功能的现有知识为基础,以动作技能学习过程为主线,梳理动作技能学习的神经生理机制,认为:大脑皮层是动作学习和控制中心,参与运动学习的不同方面。各皮层区域激发都取决于任务的特征,以确定运动的方向、计划以及最终执行。小脑主要做出时间节律调整、反馈和动作记忆的作用。皮质—基底节和皮质—小脑回路是空间和动作信息获取的关键,同时具有对动作进行反馈调整的作用。

Based on existing knowledge of nerve structure and function,this paper studied neurophysiological mechanisms of motor learning with literature review and logical analysis.It was held that the cerebral cortex was the center of motor learning and control.It was not only a simple implementation of action orders,but also involved in different aspects of motor skills.Each cortical region was inspired by the characteristics of the task in order to determine the direction of motor,movement arrangement and implement of locomotor.The cerebellum mainly made time rhythm adjustment,feedback and action memory in the human motor learning.The loop of cortical-basal ganglia and cortex-cerebellum was the key of spatial and action information acquisition,and adjusted the feedback on action.