论钱钟书翻译家身份的阐释与建构

Interpretation and Construction of Qian Zhongshu's Identity as Translator

钱钟书的学者和小说家身份被学术界所认可和接受,但他的另一种重要文化身份——翻译家,却没有引起学术界的足够重视和深入研究。实际上,钱钟书是具有翻译理论和翻译实践双重支撑的翻译家。他的译论出自其论译专文、谈译片段、涉译序跋和论译书札等30余种文献;其翻译实践主要表现为散见于《谈艺录》和《管锥编》中6种外语与汉语之间的征引译释,合计4,000余条、近30万字。"言"为心声、"行"为心表,翻译言论和翻译行为反映其翻译思想。文章从中国传统文章学、对比翻译等角度来探讨钱钟书的翻译思想和翻译实践,描写并提炼其征引译释中"借译为文""夹写夹译"的学术写作模式和译释策略,阐释其翻译思想"妥协、竞争、突围"的层次性特征,建构以"失本成译""文章正轨"和译之"化境"为要素的翻译思想体系和其翻译家的文化身份。

Qian Zhongshu has been recognized and accepted as a scholar and novelist.However,his another important cultural identity,the translator,has not attracted enough attention and in-depth study.In fact,Qian Zhongshu is a translator with a solid foundation in both translation theory and translation practice.His translation theory comes from more than 30 documents including his thematic studies and fragments discussing translation issues in prefaces,postscripts and correspondences.His translation practice is mainly manifested in the translation of citations between six foreign languages and Chinese,totaling more than 4,000 articles and nearly 300,000 words scattered in Notes on Literature and Art and Limited Views:Essays on Ideas and Letters.One’s translation views and practice are the embodiment of his translation thoughts.This paper discusses Qian Zhongshu’s ideas and methods of translation from the perspectives of Chinese traditional articology and comparative translation,describes and refines his academic writing patterns featured by assistance of quotations and translations and explains the hierarchical structure of Qian’s translation thoughts of“compromise,competition,and breaking-through”,in an attempt to establish Qian as a master in translation.