汉语主观性程度副词的多维研究——以“何其”与“何等”为例

The Multidimensional Study of Chinese Subjective Degree Adverb——A Case Study of “Heqi” and “Hedeng”

主观性程度副词"何其"与"何等"具有共同词素且功能相近,两词的特殊句法功能和表达功用与它们从疑问到反问再到感叹的副词化路径有关,这一演化路径具有认知理据和类型学证据。韵律制约和代词并入是跨层结构"何其"成词的关键,而同类竞争是疑问代词"何等"向副词演变的诱因之一。

“Heqi”(何其)and“Hedeng”(何等)are a pair of subjective degree adverbs with common morpheme and similar functions.Their special syntactic and expressive functions can be traced back to their adverbialization path from interrogative tone to rhetorical tone to exclamatory tone,which has the cognitive motivation and typology evidence.Rhythm restriction and pronoun incorporation are the key to forming the adverb“Heqi”by the non-syntactic structure“Heqi”.The competition of the similar words is the contributing factor for the evolvement of the interrogative pronoun“Hedeng”into the adverb.