社会支持与健康:一个系统性回顾

Social Support and Health:A Systematic Review

社会支持打开了健康社会学分析的新视角,然而国内对社会支持的研究目前尚缺少系统性的梳理和回顾。通过综述四十年来欧美学界关于社会支持的概念、分类、操作化测量、来源以及社会支持影响健康的理论机制和主要模式,可以发现:社会支持产生于个体所处的关系网络,它主要通过强关系和同质性关系来获得。宏观社会中的紧张是导致特定群体产生健康问题的上游因素;在微观层次上,当个体生活中的事件和风险累积到一定程度后可能会导致精神失调或身体健康问题的出现。社会支持是一种至关重要的社会资源,然而,社会支持对健康的效应在不同社会人口特征群体中具有异质性。此外,社会支持的不同来源、类型、水平对健康的效应也可能存在差异。随着人口老龄化时代的到来,老年人口的规模在逐渐增大,社会支持对老年群体带来的健康效应不容忽视。

Social support has opened a new perspective of health sociology analysis.Social support originates from individual’s social relations.It is mainly obtained through strong and homogeneous social ties.The tension in the macroscopic society is the upstream factor leading to health problems of certain groups.At the micro level,when the events and risks in an individual’s life accumulate to a certain extent,they may lead to symptoms of mental disorder or physical health problems.Social support is a vital social resource,however,the effect of social support on health is heterogeneous among different social and demographic groups.In addition,different sources,types and levels of social support may have different effects on health.With the arrival of the aging population,the elderly population are gradually increasing,and the effects of social support on the elderly’health cannot be ignored.