新时代检察机关行政法律监督制度研究

Research on the Administrative Legal Supervision System of Procuratorial Organs in the New Era

检察机关对行政机关实施法律监督曾是五四宪法规定的首位检察权。中共中央《关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》做出了部分恢复该项检察权的重大部署。监察体制改革后,国家在修改《行政诉讼法》中,将检察机关监督行政违法行为列入其提起行政公益诉讼的前置程序。2018年6月,全国人大常委会审议的人民检察院组织法修订草案二审稿中增加了"人民检察院行使上述职权时,发现行政机关有违法行使职权或者不行使职权的行为,应当督促其纠正。"国家司法体制改革与监察体制改革之间还有待进一步协调,需要从顶层设计层面,厘清检察机关与监察机关在监督行政违法中的角色关系与协作共治;明晰检察机关行政法律监督的价值、定位、原则与范围等,科学构建国家的法治监督体系,加快推进法治政府建设。

The procuratorial organ’s legal supervision of the administrative organs was the first procuratorial power stipulated in the May Fourth Constitution.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s“Decision on Comprehensively Advancing Certain Major Issues in Governing the Country According to Law”made a major plan to partially restore the procuratorial power.After the reform of the supervision system,the State,in amending the Administrative Procedure Law,included the procuratorial organs to supervise administrative violations in its pre-procedures for filing administrative public interest litigation.In June 2018,the second draft of the revised draft of the People’s Procuratorate’s Organic Law reviewed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress increased the“people’s procuratorate’s exercise of the above-mentioned functions and powers,and found that the administrative organs have illegally exercised their powers or did not exercise their powers,and should urge them to correct it.”There is still room for further coordination between the reform of the national judicial system and the reform of the supervision system.It is necessary to clarify the role and cooperation between the procuratorial organs and the supervisory organs in supervising administrative violations from the top-level design level.To clarify the value and orientation of the administrative legal supervision of procuratorial organs principles and scope,scientific construction of the country’s rule of law supervision system and accelerate the construction of the rule of law government.