自然资源基本法的起草与构建

Draft and Construction of《The Natural Resources Basic Law》

自然资源基本法是自然资源领域的"小宪法"。我国目前已基本形成土地、矿产、海洋、森林、草原等门类齐全、规模可观的具有中国特色的自然资源单行法体系,但现有体系存在对象交叉、内容重复、法律效力层次混乱等现象。各资源管理部门主导的立法,部门利益化的倾向严重,争夺执法权和执法中的推诿、扯皮问题突出。自然资源立法需要顶层设计,需要体现一国最大多数人的最长远的最大利益。自然资源部已成立,在自然资源基本法的理论研究已经成熟和自然资源单行立法渐成体系的背景下,通过借鉴《民法总则》提取公因式的立法方法,自然资源基本法的立法不仅非常必要,而且切实可行。

The Natural Resources Basic Law is a“small constitution”in the field of natural resources.At present,China has basically formed a natural resources law system with Chinese characteristics,which is composed of special regulations on land,mineral resources,sea,forest,grassland.However,the existing system has the defects of objects crossover,contents duplication and confusing legal effect level.The interests of the legislative departments of various resource management departments are overprotected,and the problems of fighting for enforcement power and shirking responsibility during the law enforcement are serious.The legislation of natural resources needs a top-level design and it should reflect the longest and the biggest interests of the largest population of the country.With the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources,with the maturity of theory of natural resources basic law and the gradual perfection of the system of natural resources special regulations,with reference to the extracting common factor method adopted in the legislation of the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the PRC,the legislation of the Natural Resources Basic Law is not only necessary but also feasible.