英国新创企业奖励计划及其纳入主流创业教育的实践和启示

Embracing Business Start-up Programme in UK Mainstream Entrepreneurship Education

英国于2001年正式启动的"新创企业奖励计划"(NES)项目,是英国政府为突显高等教育机构和企业机构在促进弱势地区创业活动中的作用而采取的重要举措之一。该项目推出以来,NES毕业生自主创办的企业平均存活率达到了85%,NES所扶持的创业公司的数量以及毕业生所获得的区级和国家级奖项全都高于全国平均水平,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。通过对英国NES项目中的"最佳实践"案例进行深度调查和分析,结果显示:与NES参与者不同,大学生创业教育主要存在以下四个问题:最初的商业创意培养模式效果不佳;营销和会计课程实践机会少;关系网络构建效果不明显;本科生创业动力、动机和参与度欠缺。尽管政治、文化和社会环境的不同可能会导致在不同国家移植"现成的"创业课程效果有所偏差,但培养学生的创业热情、引导积极的创业文化是两个有效的措施。这一研究结果,对于我国推进大学生创新创业教育具有很好的启发作用。

Based on a brief introduction to the UK's New Venture Enterprise Award program(NES),this paper explores the"good practice"case in the short-term funded project of the New Enterprise Award scheme,and studies the feasibility and effectiveness of its integration into the course of entrepreneurship education in mainstream universities.The results show that,different from the NES participants,college students'pioneering education mainly has the following four problems:the initial business creative training model is not effective,marketing and accounting curriculum practice is less,the relationship network construction effect is not obvious,and the undergraduates are not motivated enough to participate in the entrepreneurial activities.The differences in politics,culture and social environment may lead to the deviation of the effect of transplanting"ready-made"entrepreneurial courses into different countries,but it may be two good measures to cultivate students'enthusiasm and lead a positive entrepreneurial culture for entrepreneurship.Finally,from three angles of students,teachers and schools,this paper puts forward some useful inspirations to the academic and practical circles.