北京市某城区严重精神障碍患者流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Severe Mental Disorder in a District of Beijing City

目的:了解北京市某城区严重精神障碍患者的患病率及流行病学特征,为开展严重精神障碍的社区防治和康复工作提供依据。方法:选取2017年9月30日前某城区纳入北京市精神卫生信息管理系统的患者,采用描述性分析方法对其进行流行病学特征分析。结果:北京市某城区常住人口为129.8万人,登记在册的严重精神障碍患者5 104例,时点患病率为3.93‰(5 104/1298 000)。在六类严重精神障碍患者中,精神分裂症4 047例,构成比79.29%,占3/4以上,患病率为3.12‰;其次为双相情感障碍711例,构成比占13.93%,患病率为0.55‰。男性严重精神障碍患病率为3.91‰(2 509/641 000),女性严重精神障碍患病率为3.95‰(2 595/657 000),差异无统计学意义(X^2=0.105,P>0.05)。严重精神障碍以55~64岁年龄段患病人数最多,占31.2%;文化程度以初中为主,占比42.3%;未婚和离异占比52.2%,高于普通人群。结论:精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和癫痫所致的精神障碍是北京市某城区严重精神障碍社区防治和康复的重点,不同类型的严重精神障碍患者具有不同的人口学特征,在社区管理过程中应采取不同的防治措施。

To analyze the prevalence rate and epidemiological characteristics of patients with severe mental disorder in a district of Beijing city,and to provide a basis for prevention and rehabilitation of severe mental disorder in communities.Method:The patients who were included in the mental health information management system in a district of Beijing city before30,September2017were selected and the epidemiological characteristics of the patients were analyzed by descriptive analysis method.Result:The permanent population of a district of Beijing city was1.298million,and there were5104registered patients with severe mental disorders.The time-point prevalence rate was3.93‰(5104/1298000).Among the six categories of severe mental disorders,there were4047cases of schizophrenia with a constituent ratio of79.29%,accounting for more than3/4,and a prevalence rate of3.12‰,followed by bipolar affective disorder in711cases,with a constituent ratio of13.93%and a prevalence rate of0.55‰.The prevalence rate of severe mental disorders was3.91‰(2509/641000)in males and3.95‰(2595/657000)in females.There was no significant difference between them(x2=0.105,P>0.05).The most severe mental disorders were in the age of55to64years old,accounting for31.2%;the education level was mainly in junior high school,accounting for42.33%;and the proportion of unmarried and divorced was52.2%,which was higher than that of the general population.Conclusion:Schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,and epilepsy-induced mental disorders are the major disorder for community-based prevention and rehabilitation in a district of Beijing city.Patients with different types of severe mental disorders have different demographic characteristics.Different preventive measures should be taken in the community management process.