涵洞过鱼通道典型挡板水力特性研究

Hydraulic Characteristics of Classic Baffles in Culvert Fishway

作为现代水利工程建设中河流修复的一种特有手段,涵洞的基本功能除了作为路桥系统的输水通道之外,还要为工程所在流域水生动物能顺利通过障碍提供一条通道。但国内关于涵洞式过鱼通道水力设计方面的文献较少,我国涵洞式鱼道在修建过程中可供参考的理论依据非常有限。在分析国外涵洞式鱼道相关试验数据的基础上,对偏移式(OB)、槽堰式(SWB)和堰式(WB)3种典型挡板的水力特性及流场分布特征进行了归纳,得到了无量纲流量、水深、坡度与流速的关系表达式,比较并分析了3种挡板的工作性能。研究成果将为国内涵洞式鱼道的内部改造和水力设计提供理论依据与参考。

As a special means of river restoration in hydraulic engineering construction,culvert mainly functions as a water channel for road and bridge system,and for local aquatic animals to passing through barriers.Since the hydraulic design of culvert fishway is rarely reported in China,theoretical basis for the construction of culvert fishway is insufficient.By analyzing some experiment data of culvert fishway abroad,we summarized the hydraulic characteristics and flow fields of classical baffle systems of culvert fishways,including offset baf e(OB),slotted-weir baf e(SWB)and weir baf e(WB).We obtained the expressions of dimensionless flow rate,water depth,slope against velocity,and compared the working performance of the three baffles.The research achievements would provide theoretical basis and reference for the internal transformation and hydraulic design of culvert fishway in China.