地膜厚度对马铃薯生长及农田水热条件和残膜污染的影响

Effect of film mulch thickness on potato growth, water heat condition and residual film pollution

为寻求阴山北麓农牧交错带马铃薯种植适宜的农用地膜厚度,揭示地膜厚度对马铃薯生长发育、土壤水热状况及地膜残留的影响规律,并评价其经济效益,选择当地主栽作物马铃薯为研究对象,在膜下滴灌栽培方式下通过设置4种地膜厚度(0.006、0.008、0.011 mm和0.012 mm)的田间试验,研究地膜厚度对马铃薯生长发育及地膜残留的影响。结果表明,增加地膜厚度对株高有促进作用,出苗率在0.008 mm处理最高。生育期土壤水热状况:增厚地膜可提升4周内0～20 cm土壤贮水量,随后作用相反,播后4周是土壤贮水量响应的拐点,并且在5周内可促进地表以下5 cm处的土壤积温。0.008 mm处理的产量、商品薯率和经济效益均最高。土壤残膜量随地膜厚度增加而增大,但回收难度随之降低,且加深翻耕深度加重了20～30 cm土层的残膜污染,需要通过加强残膜回收机具的研发利用来削减残膜系数,降低农田白色污染,提高土壤环境承载力。推荐阴山北麓农牧交错带马铃薯种植采用0.008 mm地膜配套适宜残膜回收机具以获得优良的经济效益与生态效益。

The purpose of this study was confirmed the suitable agricultural film mulch thickness and response laws of crops growth and development,soil water content and temperature,and film mulch residue by film mulch thickness at north Yin Mountain in agro-pastoral ecotone.The field experiments were conducted in four film mulch thickness(0.006,0.008,0.011 mm and 0.012 mm)set for mulchedpotato planting by drip irrigation.The results showed that the film mulch thickness could promote the plant height and the seedling emergence rate was shown highest at 0.008 mm.During the potato growth period,the soil water content and temperature had been shown that the thickened film mulch could increase the soil water storage capacity in 0~20 cm soil layer in first 4 weeks but it would decrease the soil water storage capacity after forth week.The forth week was the response turning point of soil water storage capacity.In addition,it also could promote the accumulated temperature on soil surface between 0~5 cm in first 5 weeks.The 0.008 mm film mulch usage could achieve the highest potato yields,marketable tuber rate and economic benefits.The plastic film residual quantity and 20~30 cm soil layer pollution degree after deep plowing were aggravated with the thickness of film mulch increasing.However,the higher plastic film residual quantity could be collected more easily by plastic film residue recovery machine.The coefficient of plastic film residue could decrease through the recovery machine development and utilization.From the results of field experiment,the 0.008 mm film mulch was recommended with suitable plastic film residue recovery machine for potato planting at north of Yin Mountain in agro-pastoral ecotone.