济南市春季大气中PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)颗粒物分布状态及元素分析

Distribution and Elemental Analysis of Particulate Matter PM_(2.5),PM_(10) in the Atmosphere of Spring in Jinan City

采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对济南市区春季大气中PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)颗粒物的显微形貌、粒径分布和化学元素进行连续30 d全天候研究,对大气颗粒物的粒径与数量进行统计回归分析,绘制相应粒径变化柱状图。依据检出的元素来推断大气颗粒物化学组成和来源,提出控制大气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10污染的有效对策。实验结果显示,大气颗粒物显微形态有球状、片状、棒状等不同形状且主要集中于0～1.0μm和1.0～2.5μm粒径范围,检出C、O、Cl、Si、Ca、K、Na、Mg、Al、Fe、S等多种化学元素,大多以矿物质氧化物、硫酸盐、硅铝酸盐等形式存在,主要来源于土壤尘、风沙尘、燃煤飞灰等。该方法简单、快速、科学,值得进一步推广应用。

The micro morphology,particle size distribution and chemical element of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in the atmosphere of Jinan urban area were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectros copy(SEM/EDX)for 30 d.Statistical regression analysis was carried out on the particle size and the number of atmospheric particles,and drew the corresponding diagram and change trend chart.The effective measures of controlling the atmospheric particulate matter PM 2.5 and PM 10 pollution were put forward by the detection of the chemical composition and the source of atmospheric particulate matter.Experimental results show that the micro morphology of atmospheric particles are spherical,sheet,rod shapes and mainly concentrated in 0~1.0μm and 1.0~2.5μm particle size range,detection C,O,Cl,Si,Ca,K;Na,Mg,Al,Fe,S and so on the many kinds of chemical elements are all with mineral oxides,sulfate,silicate,mainly comes from soil dust,sand and dust particles in coal-fired fly ash.The method simple,rapid and scientific,so it is worth popularizing.