“修庙”与“立学”:北宋学记类文章的一个话题——从王安石《繁昌县学记》入手

“Constructing a Temple” and “Establishing a School”,a Topic in “Records of Schools” in the Northern Song Dynasty: A Case Study of WANG An-shi's “Record of Fanchang County School”

唐代以来,孔庙成为"通祀",州县学校则为孔庙的附属部分。相关记文或题"庙碑""庙记",或题"学记",亦有题为"庙学记"者,可统称为"学记类文章"。以北宋"兴学"的历史为背景,考察《全宋文》所录此类文章,可以寻绎出记文作者的关注点从"庙"逐渐转向"学"的一个过程,这也就是宋代"学记"作为文类的真正形成过程。在此转变的历程中,王安石《繁昌县学记》具有在理论上摧陷廓清的意图。

Since the Tang Dynasty,Confucian Temples had become“public sacrificial temples”and prefecture or county schools had been affiliated to Confucian Temples.Records of these schools were entitled as either the“stele of the temple”,the“record of the temple”,the“record of the school”or the“record of the school in the temple”,all of which can be categorized as“records of schools”.By examining the historical contexts of“reviving schools”in the Northern Song Dynasty and studying the“records of schools”collected in the Complete Works in the Song Dynasty,this paper reveals a process of shifting the focus from the“temple”toward the“school”in the“records”,which was the actual formative process of“records of schools”as a prose genre in the Song Dynasty.During this transformation,WANG An-shi had the intention to criticize and abandon the former conventions theoretically in his“Record of Fanchang County School”