双轨分层与中国的弹性社会结构

Dual-track Stratification and Chinese Elastic Social Structure

通过考察进城农民工的阶层意识、阶层归属(体系)和人生面向可知,农民工处于城市社会阶层结构之外,城市与乡村的分层体系就像两条并行的轨道,相互独立、相对封闭。城乡双轨分层视角将既往被学界视为抽象的"底层"的农民还原到农村社会阶层体系中,揭示了中国社会结构弹性的来源——家乡归属感、城乡二元制度以及半工半耕的小农经济模式,它保证了农民自由进城返乡的权利,保障了城乡社会的良性互动。城乡互依的弹性社会结构为中国应对各式危机提供了足够的纵深空间,实现了经济社会快速发展中的政治稳定,使得盛行多年的"中国崩溃论"预言接连落空。

Based on the investigation of migrant workers’class consciousness,class affiliation system and life orientation,this paper maintained that migrant workers are out of urban social structure,and the stratification system of the citiy and countryside like two parallel tracks is independent of each other and relatively close-ended.In the dual-track stratification perspective,the peasants,who had always been regarded as an abstract“social bottom”,are restored to the rural social class system-the source of Chinese elastic social structure:the sense of home belonging,urban-rural dual system and the part-time peasant economy mode-is revealed,and the farmers right to freely going to the city and returning home,and safeguarding the social benign interaction between the urban and rural are guaranteed.The urban and rural interdependent elastic structure provides enough space for China to respond to various crises,realizes the political stability in the process of economic and social fast development,and makes the prophecy“China collapse theory”collapse one by one.