碳材料在锂硫电池中的应用研究

Study on application of carbon materials in lithium-sulfur batteries

随着电动汽车和便携式电子设备的发展,锂硫电池因其高的理论比容量(1 675 m A·h/g)和高的理论能量密度(2 600 W·h/kg)而引起人们的广泛关注,在未来非常有可能成为常用的电源设备。然而,锂硫电池存在较低的离子和电子导电性、较差的循环性以及生成的多硫化物易溶于有机溶剂等缺点,严重制约了锂硫电池的应用。要解决上述问题,提高单质硫的导电性、抑制电极反应中的穿梭效应势在必行,因此如何改良正极材料仍然是研究的关键点。主要总结了近年来各种碳材料在锂硫电池正极材料中的应用研究现状及进展,简要阐述了这些碳材料应用于锂硫电池正极材料中存在的问题及面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了预测。

With the development of the electric vehicles and portable electronic equipment,lithium-sulfur battery has aroused extensive attention,due to its high theoretical specific capacity(1 675 mA·h/g)and high theoretical energy density(2 600 W·h/kg).It is very likely to become common power supply equipment in the future.However,the widespread practical applications for rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries have been plagued with many problems,such as its lower ionic and electronic conductivity,poor cycle life and the obtained sulfides that are easily soluble in organic solvents.To solve the above problems,conductivityed of elemental sulfur should be improved and shuttle effect should be inhibited.Therefore,the current researches still focus on how to obtain the cathode material with the excellent performance.The recent research advance and status of various carbon materials used as cathode materials of lithium sulfur battery were mainly summarized.In addition,the existing problems and challenges of carbon cathode materials were briefly introduced,and their perspectives for future research and development trends in the lithium sulfur battery were also predicted.