原始儒学中的“欲”与“成仁”

Desire and Becoming Benevolence in Original Confucianism

中国人长期对于"欲"有所贬抑,实际上在中国历史上"欲"呈现出多元化的形态,像在孔孟那里,"欲"既包含物欲,也包含仁欲。原始儒家讲成仁,因此也就特别重视仁欲:对于仁的欲望构成了人们成仁的基础和内在动力,推动人们不断地将对于仁的欲望变为现实;对于成仁而言,实际上也就是不断地对这种欲望进行扩充存养,从而使其不断发展壮大。因此,孔孟这些原始儒家并不曾将仁与欲相对,而是高度重视欲在成仁当中的重要作用,并积极加以发挥。

Desire has been depreciated for a long time in China.In fact,there are different forms of desire in the history.The desire that Confucius and Mencius taked about includes Material Desire and Bencvolent Desire.Confucianism talked about becoming benevolence,so they also pay attention to Benevolent Desire.The desire of benevolence becomes the base and impulsion for the people to become benevolence,help people to make the desire become reality.To become benevolence,just to expand and cu1tivate this desire,and make it develop and grow.Confucius and Mencius had never opposed Benevolence with Desire,but paid much attention to the important use of desire for become benevolence and tried every means to exert desire's use.