戏剧艺术的自觉与龃龉——《海瑞罢官》的创作过程及其阐释

Art of Drama-consciousness and Discordance——The Creation Process and Interpretation of Hai Rui Ba Guan

《海瑞罢官》剧本发表、出版时虽然只有吴晗一人署名,实际的创作、演出却是集体努力的结果。在剧本的讨论、修改过程中,北京京剧团的编创人员发挥了关键作用,他们出于对戏剧艺术的追求而强化了剧作的舞台效果,从而使剧作主题偏离了吴晗的创作初衷,由政治伦理转向了民间社会的道德伦理。作为历史学家,吴晗"古为今用"的历史剧创作最终以失败告终,这是个人的悲剧,也是历史的悲剧。

Although publication of Hai Ba Guan drama was solely signed by Wu Han,the actual creation and acting being collective efforts.During the discussion and revision of the drama,editors of Beijing Peking Opera T'roupc played a key role.Theatrics been reinforced out of their conscious pursuit of drama art,deviating Wu Hans original intention from political ethics to civil ethics.As a historian,Wu Han's creation of“Ancient serves Present”historical drama ended in failure a tragedy for Wu Han and history.