不同蚯蚓粪施用量对连作黄瓜农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

Effects of different application amounts of vermicompost on agronomic trait, yield and quality of continuous cropping cucumber

【目的】分析以蚯蚓粪为主要成分的不同施肥配比对黄瓜生长发育的影响,为缓解黄瓜连作障碍提供参考依据。【方法】在连作黄瓜大棚中种植津春5号黄瓜,设6000 kg/ha鸡粪+600 kg/ha化肥+3000 kg/ha蚯蚓粪(T1)、6000kg/ha鸡粪+600 kg/ha化肥+6000 kg/ha蚯蚓粪(T2)和6000 kg/ha鸡粪+600 kg/ha化肥+24000 kg/ha蚯蚓粪(T3)处理,以6000 kg/ha鸡粪+750 kg/ha化肥处理为对照(CK),分析各蚯蚓粪处理对黄瓜农艺性状、产量和品质的调控效果。【结果】施用不同配比蚯蚓粪对黄瓜的株高、茎粗和叶片数均有一定促进作用;T2和T3处理的产量分别比对应年份的CK提高38.46%~111.88%和50.62%~136.11%,且差异显著(P<0.05,下同),各品质指标均显著高于CK;T2处理的农艺性状、产量及可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量与T3处理无显著差异(P>0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,施用蚯蚓粪黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数均与产量呈正相关;果实的可溶性固形物含量与可溶性蛋白、维生素C(Vc)和可溶性糖含量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】施用蚯蚓粪黄瓜的农艺性状较佳,产量和品质均较高,尤其以施用6000 kg/ha鸡粪+600 kg/ha化肥+24000 kg/ha蚯蚓粪的效果更佳,可在黄瓜大棚连作生产上推广应用。

【Objective】This experiment was conduct to analyze the effects of fertilizer having vermicompost as main ingredient and with different fertilization proportions on growth of cucumber and provide preference for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber.【Method】Jinchun 5 cucumber was planted in continuous cropping greenhouse,treatments by using 6000 kg/ha chicken manure+600 kg/ha fertilizer+3000 kg/ha vermicompost(T1),6000 kg/ha chicken manure+600 kg/ha fertilizer+6000 kg/ha vermicompost(T2)and 6000 kg/ha chicken manure+600 kg/ha fertilizer+24000 kg/ha vermicompost(T3)were used and treatment by using 6000 kg/ha chicken manure+750 kg/ha fertilizer was taken as control(CK).Regulation effects of vermicompost with different fertilization proportions on agronomic trait,yield and quality of cucumber were studied.【Result】The study showed that vermicompost with different fertilization proportions had certain promotion on plant height,stem diameter and number of blades;yields of cucumber treated by T2 and T3 increased by 38.46%-111.88%and 50.62%-136.11%compared with that treated by CK,and differences were significant(P<0.05,the same below).All quality indicators were significantly higher than the of cucumber treated by CK;agronomic trait,yield,soluble sugar content and soluble solid content of cucumber treated by T2 had no significant differences with that treated by T3(P>0.05).Correlation analysis results showed that plant height,stem diameter and number of blades of cucumber treated by vermicompost were positively correlated with yield of cucumber;soluble solid content of cucumber had extremely significant positive correlation with soluble protein,vitamin C(Vc)and soluble sugar content of cucumber(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Cucumbers treated by vermicompost have fine agronomic traits and high yield and quality,6000 kg/ha chicken manure+600 kg/ha fertilizer+24000 kg/ha vermicompost has the optimal effects and can be popularized and applied in greenhouses continuous cropping cultivation of cucumber.