不同添加物基料及覆土材料对印度丽蘑生长和产量的影响

Effects of different supplements and casing materials on growth and yield of Calocybe indica

【目的】分析不同添加物基本培养料(基料)及覆土材料栽培印度丽蘑(Calocybe indica)子实体的农艺性状及适应性,为印度丽蘑高产栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以杏鲍菇菌渣为基料,分别添加15%、30%、45%的米糠、玉米粉和麦麸进行印度丽蘑栽培试验,筛选出最佳添加物比例,并考察不同覆土材料对印度丽蘑子实体农艺性状和产量的影响。【结果】在基料中添加15%和30%玉米粉栽培印度丽蘑,其菌丝满袋天数较短,分别为27.305和27.384 d,极显著短于对照(CK)(P<0.01)。添加30%玉米粉栽培印度丽蘑的子实体菌盖直径和菌柄直径分别为12.133 mm和2.717cm,单菇鲜重为77.172 g,生物学效率为40.27%,均显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同);添加不同比例米糠、玉米粉和麦麸均能显著提高印度丽蘑子实体的菌柄长度,其中以添加30%米糠处理子实体的菌柄长度最长,为20.167 cm。以牛粪∶壤土=3∶1为覆土材料栽培的印度丽蘑子实体菌柄直径最大,菌柄长度最长,第一、二潮菇产量最高,为2077.733 g;覆土后8.000 d现蕾,菌丝生长期最短,比单纯以壤土为覆土材料效果好。【结论】在杏鲍菇菌渣基料中添加30%玉米粉,且以牛粪∶田土=3∶1为覆土材料最有利于印度丽蘑生长并获得理想的产量。

【Objective】The agronomic characters and adaptability of the fruiting body of Calocybe indica cultivated with different additives substrate and casing materials were analyzed to provide reference for its high yield cultivation.【Method】The Pleurotus eryngii dreg were supplemented with rates of 15%,30%and 45%of rice bran,wheat bran and maize powder as the substrate for C.indica,and the appropriate proportion of supplements material was screened for cultivation of C.indica.The effects of different casing materials on the agronomic characters and yield of C.indica were also investigated.【Result】The short mycelium incubation period of C.indica was observed on the substrate supplemented with 15%and 30%maize powder,the mycelial running time was about 27.305 and 27.384 d,it was extremely significantly shorter than the control(CK)(P<0.01).The diameter of pileus and stalk with 30%maize powder in the substrate supplemented were 12.133 mm and 2.717 cm respectively,the single fruiting body was 77.172 g,the biological efficiency was 40.27%,the indexes were all higher than CK(P<0.05,the same below).Adding different proportions of rice bran,maize powder and wheat bran could significantly increase the length of stalk,and the longest of length of stalk was 20.167 cm observed in supplement of 30%rice bran.The appropriate casing material was cow dung mixed loamy soil(3∶1).The fungus stalk diameter of C.indica fruit body was the largest and the length of the fungus stalk was the longest.The yield of the first and second tide mushrooms was the highest,with an average of 2077.733 g.The C.indica primordium formation was observed 8.000 d after cladding.The mycelium growth period was the shortest and the effect was better than simply using loam as cladding material.【Conclusion】Adding 30%maize powder in P.eryngii dreg,cow dung and loamy soil(3∶1)as the casing material is the most beneficial to the growth of C.indica and obtaining ideal yield.