黑龙江省水稻生产碳足迹分析

Assessment of carbon footprint of rice production in Heilongjiang Province

【目的】明确水稻生产碳足迹的构成及其影响因素,为推进黑龙江省水稻产业低碳绿色发展及农作物生产节能减排提供参考和建议。【方法】基于黑龙江省2005~2016年水稻播种面积、产量和农资投入等相关统计数据,利用生命周期评价法(LCA)、方差分析及Pearson相关性分析法,将2005~2010年和2011~2016年两个时期的水稻生产碳足迹清单作对比,并测算评价黑龙江省水稻生产碳足迹构成及影响因素。【结果】2005~2016年黑龙江省水稻生产单位面积碳足迹(CFs)平均为1895.38±254.86 kg·Ce/ha,碳足迹变化波动较大,生产1 kg水稻的碳成本(CFp)平均为0.28±0.04 kg·Ce,碳效率(CE)平均为3.61±0.46 kg/(kg·Ce)。不同阶段间进行比较,黑龙江省2005~2010年的水稻生产碳足迹平均值显著低于2011~2016年(P<0.05,下同)。在水稻生产碳足迹的构成中,灌溉用电所占比例最大,约36%,其次依次为化肥>农膜>柴油>水稻种子>农药;同时,灌溉用电量与水稻生产CFs呈显著正相关。【建议】提高水资源利用效率、合理提高化肥利用率、大力推广农机节油技术等是实现黑龙江省经济与环境协调发展、节能减排的必由之路。

【Objective】In the present study,the compositions of carbon footprint(CF)of rice production and its influencing factors were analyzed to provide reference for low carbon agricultural development mode and energy conservation and emission reduction in agricultural production in Heilongjiang.【Method】Based on the rice planting area,yield and agricultural input in Heilongjiang during 2005-2006,CF of rice production in Heilongjiang during 2005-2010 and 2011-2016 were compared through the Life Cycle Assessment theory(LCA),analysis of variance and Pearson correlation ana-lysis,and CF of rice production in Heilongjiang were calculated,analyzed and evaluated.【Result】The research results showed that the area-scaled carbon footprint(CFs)in rice production was found to be 1895.38±254.86 kg·Ce/ha in avera-ge,the change of CFs was large and fluctuant.The average carbon cost(CFp)for 1 kg of rice was 0.28±0.04 kg·Ce,and the average carbon efficiency(CE)was 3.61±0.46 kg/(kg·Ce).Between various periods,the average value of CF of rice production during the period of 2005-2010 was significantly lower than the period of 2011-2016 in Heilongjiang(P<0.05,the same below).In the composition of CF of rice production,irrigation electricity accounted for the largest proportion,which was about 36%,the rest indexes followed the order of fertilizer>agricultural film>diesel>rice seed>pesticides.Meanwhile,the irrigation electricity consumption was significantly positively correlated with the area-scaled CFs of rice.【Suggestion】So,improving the utilization efficiency of water resources,rationally improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer,and vigorously promoting the technology of oil saving for agricultural machinery is the only way to achieve the coordination of development of economy and environment,and achieve energy saving and emission reduction in Heilongjiang Province.