甘肃阿夏自然保护区大型真菌资源及生态分布

Macrofungi resources and ecological distribution of Axia nature reserve in Gansu Province

为了解甘肃阿夏自然保护区大型真菌的种类和分布,对不同植被类型和不同海拔高度下的大型真菌采用典型样线法和样地相结合进行统计和调查.共鉴定出72种大型真菌,隶属30个属,21个科,其中食用菌34种,药用菌17种,毒菌7种,用途不明的有14种,其中食用菌分布最多,占总种数的47.2%,毒菌最少仅占总种数的9.7%.大型真菌在不同海拔高度下的分布特征有明显差异,海拔2 501～3 500m分布的大型真菌占总种数的93.1%,而海拔2000m以下和海拔4 500m以上分布的大型真菌最少,分别占总种数的12.5%和4.2%.随着植被类型的不同,大型真菌分布也不尽相同,在阔针混交林中大型真菌分布最为广泛,共计54种,占总种数的75%,而在针叶林和灌丛与草甸中分布最少,分别占总种数的18.1%和15.3%.大型真菌的分布特点与其所处的海拔高度和植被类型等具有密切的关系.

A preliminary survey of the species and distribution of macrofungi in Axia nature reserve of Gansu Province was conducted using a combination of typical transect and plot methods.A total of 72 species of macrofungi were identified,belonging to 30 genera and 21 families,including 34 species of edible fungi,17 species of medicinal fungi,7 species of toxins,and 14 species of unknown use.The edible fungus was the most widely distributed and accounted for the total species which accounted for 47.2%,and germs for only 9.7%of the total species.The distribution characteristics of macrofungi were significantly different at different altitudes.The macrofungi distributed between 2 501~3 500 m in altitude is accounted for 93.1%of the total,while the macrofungi below 2 000 m and 4 500 m above sea level are the least,which is 12.5%and 4.2%of the total species,respectively.With the different types of vegetation,the distribution of macrofungi is different.In the broad-needle mixed forest,the distribution of macrofungi is the most widespread,a total of 54 species,accounting for 75%of the total species,but in coniferous forests and shrubs and meadows the distribution is the smallest,accounting for 18.1%and 15.3%of the total species.The distribution characteristics of macrofungus are closely related to its altitude and vegetation type.