海上钻井井喷失控应急救援井关键技术

Key Technologies of Emergency Rescue Wells for Offshore Drilling Blowout Out of Control

在离岸远、环境复杂的海洋油气勘探开发过程中,井喷事故将会给企业造成颠覆性的灾难:人员伤亡、环境严重污染,甚至造成平台摧毁,并引发政治和社会问题。井喷失控最有效的解决方案之一就是救援井,BP美国墨西哥湾深水地平线平台事故用救援井控制住了井喷。此文介绍了海上救援井设计作业关键技术,包括救援井数量、井位优选、井下连通深度、连通方式优选,以及压井方法和压井模拟计算、最终弃井方案等,并对进一步开展救援井技术研究提出建议。对我国自主建立海上救援井技术体系有一定参考意义。

In the process of offshore oil and gas exploration with remote and complex environment,well blowout accidents will bring subversive disasters to enterprises,such as heavy casualties,serious environmental pollution,and even destroy platforms and cause political and social problems.The one of the most effective solution for blowout out of control is the rescue well,which BP used to contain the blowout in the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico.This paper introduces the key technologies of designing offshore rescue wells,including the number of rescue wells,well location optimization,the depth of underground connectivity and connectivity options.Well killing methods,well simulation calculation,and final well abandonment scheme are also presented.This paper puts forward some suggestions for further research on rescue well technology,which also has certain reference significance for China to establish its own technology system of marine rescue well.