青藏高原高寒区I-D燕麦品系饲草生产性能及品质评价

Evaluation on Productivity and Quality of Oat Strain I-D in the Alpine Regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

为明确选育的高产籽兼高产草燕麦I-D品系在青藏高原不同生态区域的饲草生产性能和品质,选择民和县、湟中县和海北州西海镇3个试验点,对I-D品系及其母本‘青海444’、父本‘青海甜燕麦’和对照品种‘青引1号’进行了评价,为该品种(系)的进一步推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明,在民和、湟中和海北试验地I-D品系平均干草产量达9 367.9kg·hm^(-2)、10 795.5kg·hm^(-2)和14 636.3kg·hm^(-2),其产量显著优于母本‘青海444’和对照‘青引1号’;在表征饲草产量的性状株高、分蘖数、叶片数、叶面积、第三茎节长、茎粗等方面,I-D品系燕麦均优于父本‘青海甜燕麦’;通径分析表明,叶面积、株高、叶片数、茎粗对燕麦饲草产量直接效应较大;从孕穗期至乳熟期,I-D品系粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值显著下降,粗脂肪、NDF、ADF显著增加;较其亲本粗脂肪、NDF和ADF含量相对较低,粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值较高,其饲草品质优于其亲本。综合分析表明,I-D品系具有较好的饲草生产性能和品质,适宜在青藏高原高寒地区海拔2 500~3 200m的区域进行饲草生产。

To understand fodder productivity and quality of oat strain I-D,a breeding strain with both good seed and fodder production,in the various ecological locations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,I-D,female parent‘Qinghai 444’,male parent‘Qinghai’oat and the control variety‘Qingyin 1’were grown and examined in 3 locations of the Plateau,Minhe(1 868 m altitude,102°45′40″E,36°18′55″N),Huangzhong(2 592 m altitude,101°33′20″E,36°30′57″N)and Xihai(3 150 m altitude,101°45′16″E,36°49′18″N).The results showed that average yields of dry hay in the 3 locations were 9367.9 kg·hm-2,10795.5 kg·hm-2 and 14 636.3 kg·hm-2 respectively,which were significantly higher than its female parent and the control.Regarding to the fodder production parameters such as plant height,tiller number,number of leaf,leaf area,length of 3rd internode,stem diameter,I-D was superior to its male parent.Path analysis indicated that leaf area,plant height,number of leaves and stem diameter had significantly direct impacts on the yield of fodder.Crude protein of I-D and relative feeding value dropped significantly from booting to milking stage,while crude fat,NDF and ADF were enhanced significantly,I-D was lower than its parents in the crude fat NDF and ADF,and was higher than its parent in the crude protein.It is implied that I-D has better fodder quality than its parents.It is suggested that I-D could be widely grown in the region with a.l.s.2 500~3 200 m as fodder due to its good productivity and quality.