西藏色季拉山蕨类植物资源特征

Characteristics of Fern Resources in Shergyla Mountain,Tibet

为了摸清色季拉山蕨类植物资源的种类和资源特征,为该区蕨类开发利用提供依据。该研究通过查阅《西藏植物志》和标本,结合色季拉山多年植物调查名录,对该区野生蕨类植物进行统计分析,并对其用途进行了描述。结果显示:(1)色季拉山共有蕨类植物资源29科、57属、196种(包括变种和变型),分别占西藏蕨类植物总科、属、种的65.91%、45.24%、41.70%;优势科为鳞毛蕨科(3属/50种)、水龙骨科(9属/31种)、蹄盖蕨科(7属/22种)、中国蕨科(6属/14种),优势属为鳞毛蕨属(27种)、耳蕨属(19种)。(2)色季拉山蕨类植物的地理成分以热带类型的科和属占优势(分别占非世界分布科、属的80.00%、68.18%),具有明显的热带性质;生态分布类型以陆生为主(118种,占60.20%),其次为附生(45种,占22.96%)。(3)色季拉山共有药用蕨类植物66种,且以清热药种类最多(30种);观赏蕨类植物共有71种(其中新增加23种);食用蕨类植物共有14种,且多以嫩叶或嫩茎或根状茎为食;少数蕨类还具有指示、工业原料、饲料和绿肥等方面的作用。研究表明,色季拉山蕨类植物资源种类丰富,在西藏蕨类植物区系中占很大比例,具有很高的开发利用价值。

In order to provide the basis for the exploitation and utilization of fern resources in Shergyla Mountain,we made clear the fern species and their comprehensive utilization value.Flora xizangica and samples consulting combined with summarizing the investigation results in a few years,fern species and their different uses were analyzed.The results show that:(1)29 families,57 genera and 196 wild fern species(containing varieties and forms)are found in this area,which occupy 65.91%,45.24%,41.70%in total families,genera and species of ferns in Tibet,respectively;The four dominant families are Dryopteridaceae(3 genera/50 species),Polypodiaceae(9 genera/31 species),Athyriaceae(7 genera/22 species)and Sinopteridaceae(6 genera/14 species).As the dominant genera,Dryopteris and Polystichum have 27 and 19 species,respectively.(2)The tropical families and genera account for 80.00%and 68.18%in the non-cosmoplitan families and genera separately,which indicates that the fern flora of Shergyla Mountain has obvious tropical nature;For ecological distribution,terrestrial types(118 species,occupy 60.20%)are the richest,then are epiphytic types(45 species,occupy 22.96%).(3)Medicinal resources contain 66 species of which 30 species have antipyretic efficacy.There are 71 ornamental fern species,and 23 species of them are firstly reported in this area.14 species could be edible mainly with tender leaves,tender stem or rhizome.A few species also can be used as indicator plants,industrial raw materials,feed and green manure,etc.The results indicated that the fern species which take up a great proportion of the fern flora of Tibet in Shergyla Mountain are abundant,and have great utilization potential.In the end,we put forward some suggestions for their utilization and protection.