国外大学海外分校的发展及其战略管理

Development and Strategic Management of International Branch Campus

近二十年来,高等教育国际化发展的重要特征之一是大学通过建立海外分校进行拓展。面对多变、竞争激烈的海外市场,国外大学海外分校为求得生存和发展借鉴了企业跨国经营的战略管理理念。本文通过文献分析法,结合国外大学海外分校发展的特点,探讨了其对折衷主义和全球整合—当地响应两种战略管理模式的应用。对海外分校而言,战略管理的关键要素为目标定位、市场选择、课程设置和师资聘用。我国高校跨境举办的分校需从战略的角度进行经营,市场选择要充分利用区位优势,办学定位须响应当地政府需求。

The last two decades have witnessed the rapid expansion of International Branch Campuses(IBCs as below)as one of the most important characteristics of higher education internationalization.The feature of a hybrid of academic and business causes IBCs to balance academic quality and revenue generating.Therefore,IBCs borrowed the strategic management models from multinational corporations to secure its presence and further development.This paper discussed the management characteristics of IBCs upon its evolvement.Then it exploited the integration of strategic management literature for the development of IBCs.It depicted four key elements of strategic management of IBCs:mission set-up,market choice,course design,and teaching force employment.Subsequently,this paper analyzed exporters’implemental strategies.Finally,it put forward thoughts on the development of Chinese IBCs.