曾谜解

Answer to the Mystery of Zeng

甲骨卜辞、古代文献与考古发掘中的曾与曾国常被混同对待,以致很难区别。曾作为地名,最早见于殷墟卜辞,其地位于今河南新密、新郑之间的溱水河流域,与西周随枣走廊的姬姓曾国及山东沂水流域的姒姓鄫国无涉。西周早期至战国中期的姬姓曾国位于湖北境内汉水以东的随枣走廊,其受封在西周早期,与后来的随同为一国。曾、随国号的变化与西周中晚期姒姓缯联合申国召来犬戎攻灭西周有关。作为禹夏后裔的姒姓曾,在古代文献中被写作缯、鄫,春秋以前地望在河南南阳方城,即古缯关一带,春秋以后迁往山东沂水流域苍山县古鄫城。文章认为应对古史记载不同年代、地域的曾、缯、鄫加以区别对待,才能廓清学术史上的曾与曾国谜团。

Zeng and Zeng states in oracle-bone inscriptions,ancient documents and archaeological excavations were often treated in the same way,made it difficult to distinguish correctly.As a place name,Zeng was first found in the divination of Yin ruins,located in the Zhen river basin between Xinmi and Xinzheng city of Henan province.This place has nothing to do with Ji Zeng in Hubei and Si Zeng in Sahndong.In the early west Zhou Dynasty to the middle period of waring states,Ji Zeng was located in the Suizao corridor east of the Han River in Hubei.It was the same country as the later Sui state.The change of the country name from Zeng to Sui was related to Si Zeng together with Shen states and Quanrong attack the central government in the middle-late period of west Zhou Dynasty.Si Zeng,a descendant of Xia Dynasty,was located in ancient Zengguan,the city of Nanyang Henan province during the spring and autumn period.Then it was moved to Yi river basin,Cangshan county of Shandong province.This paper argues that it is necessary to treat the Zeng states of different times and different regions,so as to finally clear up the mystery of Zeng in academic history.