明代赣南“土城”的修建探索

Study on the Construction of “Tucheng” in the Ming Dynasty

由于赣闽粤湘四省交界的赣南地区历来盗寇频发,明代弘治八年设置南赣巡抚,在此背景下,赣南乡村修筑了大量仿县城形制的"土城"以防守自卫。这些"土城"主要分布于粤赣交通路线上的赣江上游章江一带,其在修建与命名上需官方认可或批准,并逐渐成为集军事防御、生活居住、信仰祭祀等多功能于一体的"似城聚落"。当地宗族"聚族自保"与"聚族而居",族群"保""居"与"土城"建置成为这一地域乡邑空间的显著特征。

The border region of Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong and Hunan province has a long history of poaching,especially in the late Ming Dynasty,so the governor of southern Jiangxi was forced to set up in the 8th year of Hongzhi emperor.A large number of“Tucheng”was been found for self-defense in the village of southern Jiangxi.They were mainly located in Zhang River,upstream of the present Gan River.The construction and nomenclature of“Tucheng”was required the official’s recognition or approval.And“Tucheng”grandually become a city-like settlement that integrated military defense,living and worship functions.There was distinctive features of the region of southern Jiangxi that local clan lived together in“Tucheng”and self-preservation in the Ming Dynasty.