尼克松政府对伊拉克库尔德人的政策初探

The Nixon Administration's Policy on Iraqi Kurds

尼克松时期,美国政府对伊拉克库尔德人的政策经历重要转变。尼克松在执政初期,专注于全球性冷战议题,交予伊朗处理海湾地区事务,遂无意干预伊拉克库尔德问题。随着1970年代初中东局势趋于复杂,苏联意图将伊拉克扶植为地区代理国。出于地区策略的考量,尼克松政府决定援助伊拉克库尔德人,旨在削弱伊拉克复兴党政府,防止苏联在中东扩大影响力。在实施援助行动期间,基辛格无视伊拉克政府有意改善与西方关系的行动,坚决执行援助政策,同时又始终遏制库尔德人的建国倾向,避免其自治行动引发地区动荡。在美苏关系趋于平缓与中东形势日渐紧张的背景下,尼克松政府对伊拉克库尔德人的政策体现海湾地区对冷战形势的特殊地位,成为美国对中东地区策略的缩影。

During the Nixon Administration,the US government’s policy on the Iraqi Kurds experienced important transformations.Early in the Nixon administration,the United States focused on global issues of the cold war,appointed Iran to deal with Gulf regional affairs,and then had no intention of Intervening in Iraq’s Kurdish problem.As the situation in the Middle East tended to be complicated in the early 70s,the Soviet was inclined to bolster Iraq as the region agent.Based on the strategy of the cold war,the Nixon administration decided to aid the Iraqi Kurds,in order to weaken the Iraqi government and prevent the Soviet Union to expand influence in the Middle East.During the aid operation,Kissinger ignored the action what the Iraqi government intended to improve relations with the west,carried out the aid policies resolutely.In the meantime,Kissinger always contained the Kurds’founding tendency,in order to avoid the regional instability autonomous action causes.In the background of US.-Soviet relations leveling off and the Middle East tense situation increasingly,the Nixon administration’s policy on the Iraqi Kurds reflect the special status of Gulf region during the cold war,and reveal the essence of American cold war strategy.