让世界真切感知中国传统韵文的格调——仿诗式译法之探索

Promoting an Authentic Appreciation of the Tenors and Styles in Traditional Chinese Versed Works by a Prosodic Rendering

随着中国的复兴,绚丽多姿的中国文化也在复兴。我们应主动用外国语和世界语向世界传播中国文化,以文化的自信积极参与国际文化对话。中国传统韵文的存量几近世界各国同类作品的总和,应大力挖掘利用。笔者在几十年从事中外文诗歌创作与翻译的体验中,提炼出针对汉语韵文作品的仿诗式译法,以期尽量有效传达其中的语言和文化特色,让世界真切感知中国传统韵文的格调。该法无意于只顺应目标语的韵式,更不取随意押韵或韵脚若有若无的失律处置,而明确主张严格用韵坚持复制各类诗词的一切韵式;又以可量化的方法把各种长短诗句按音节比例(如1∶2、1∶1.5、1∶1,一篇只选定一种)转译为相应的长短诗行。但同时译文诗行的节律也必须尽量严格遵用目标语的各种正规诗步(音节数转换和诗步及其类型之协调备有细致的应对措施)。这是一套追求汉外合璧理想境界的创新译法。笔者以《千字文》《三字经》、经典诗词曲、毛泽东诗词等译文为例,与读者分享并交流仿诗式译法探索之体验。

Chinese traditional culture is splendorous and colourful,and the versed woks in it has a unique position.With China s rejuvenation,Chinese culture is coming to its renaissance.In the situation of globalization,we must use foreign languages(and Esperanto)in the initiative dissemination of Chinese culture over the world.With experiences in the composition and translation of poetry in Chinese and foreign languages over several decades,the present author promotes a prosodic rendering of traditional Chinese versed works to convey their linguistic and cultural traits in an optimally effective way,so that the world could authentically appreciate their tenors and styles.Such a method of translation forsakes the ways merely to comply with the rhyming schemes of the target language(let alone to give rhyming or pseudo-rhyming arbitrarily),and clearly advocates rigid rhyming by insistently copying all the rhyming schemes of various verse genres;what is more,the different long or short Chinese verses should be transformed into corresponding lines in the translation in a quantifiable way with a certain percentage of syllables(e.g.,1∶2,1∶1.5 or 1∶1,within one work there can be only one percentage to choose).But at the same time,the verses in the translation must follow rigidly(as far as possible)the classical metric forms of the target language(by means of detailed measures for the transformation of syllable numbers in coordination with metric types).This is a new approach of translation that pursues reaching an ideal realm of combining Chinese and foreign poetic beauty.This article invites the readers to share the understanding with the author and exchange the experiences in the exploration by examples of translating the Thousand-sinogram Article,the Sutra of Three-sinogram Verse,classical poetry and the poems of Mao Zedong.