论柏拉图哲学认识论的科学性和伦理性——兼论柏拉图哲学认识论与中国儒家传统认识论的交融

On the Scientific and Ethical Characteristics of Plato's Philosophical Epistemology——On Concurrently the Blend of Plato's Philosophical Epistemology and Chinese Confucian Traditional Epistemology

柏拉图在把关于可见的现象世界的认识排除在真理性的认识之外的基础上提出了一种基于灵魂不朽的先天知识论,即灵魂回忆学说,并把这一学说看成是认识论的实质。围绕灵魂回忆学说,柏拉图指出,由于真理的对象(理念)具有真与善两种含义,所以灵魂(理智)对于真理(知识)的认识(回忆)也包含了求真与求善两种路径。这使得柏拉图哲学的认识论同时具有了科学性和伦理性。因此,若要准确地把握柏拉图的认识论,就必须完整地阐述他的关于真理性认识的两种路径,同时理解他的认识论的科学性和伦理性。并且,若是这样理解柏拉图的认识论,就会发现他的认识论乃至由其认识论所决定的西方传统哲学的认识论与中国儒家传统认识论存在着明显的交融之处。这种交融说明,尽管不同民族各具自己独特的文明,但是,作为"人类"之"类",他们在本质上一定具有共同之处,他们创造的文明也一定具有相融之处,并构成了他们共同生存、和平共处的基础。

On the basis of excluding knowledge about the world of visible phenomena from the knowledge of truth,Plato put forward the theory of innate knowledge based of Soul immortal or the theory of soul recollection,and thought it as the essence of epistemology.Around the theory of soul recollection,Plato pointed out that since the object of truth(idea)had both meanings of truth and goodness,so the understanding of the truth by the soul(intellect)also included two paths of seeking truth and seeking goodness.This makes Plato’s epistemology both scientific and ethical.Therefore,in order to grasp accurately the epistemology of Plato’s philosophy,it is necessary to fully expound his two paths of knowing the knowledge,at the same time to understand the scientific and ethical nature of his epistemology.Moreover,if we understand Plato’s epistemology in this way,we will find that there must be some blending place among his epistemology,even the epistemology of Western traditional philosophy determined by his epistemology and the epistemology of Chinese Confucianism.This kind of blend shows that although different ethnic groups have their own unique civilization,as the“class”of“human beings”,they must have some commonality in nature,and the civilizations they create must also have some blending place,which also constitutes the basis for their common survival and peaceful coexistence.