文化语用研究的三种范式及其相互关系

Three Paradigms in Culturally-oriented Pragmatics and Their Interrelationship

文化语用研究主张从文化的视角来审视语用现象及理论,注重语言使用与文化语境之间的关联性。通过相关文献梳理发现,该领域主要存在三种研究范式:跨文化语用学,比较同一语用现象在不同文化语境下的异同之处;交互文化语用学,关注不同文化/语言背景的交际者在进行跨文化交往和互动过程中的语用问题;文化(内)语用学,从单一文化内部来解释特定的文化语境要素如何影响社群内成员的语言使用,以及如何作为语境资源参与交际者的言语互动过程中意义的生成与理解。这三种范式在研究对象和研究方法等方面各具特点,同时也相辅相成,互为补益。

Culturally-oriented pragmatics probes into the pragmatic phenomena and issues from the cultural perspective and highlights the interconnectedness between language use and its cultural context.Based on the relevant literature review,there exist three prototypical research paradigms in this field,namely,cross-cultural pragmatics,seeking for the similarities and differences via cross-culturally comparative studies;inter-cultural pragmatics,which focuses on the pragmatic issues occurring in/alongside with the interaction among interactants with diverse cultural/linguistic backgrounds;intra-cultural pragmatics,adopting an emic perspective to explicate the way how the specific cultural context influences the language use of members within the same community and plays a part in the process of meaning generation and interpretation.Although the three paradigms are distinctive from each other in research objects and methods,they are complementary and reciprocal.