聚酰亚胺增韧改性研究进展

Research Progress in Toughening Modification of Polyimides

综述了国内外近几年对聚酰亚胺(PI)增韧的研究进展,对超支化增韧、柔性基团增韧、二胺二酐增韧及结构改性进行了概述。超支化分子具有高度支化的三维立体结构和更多的端基,可降低分子链的纠缠;柔性基团可提高分子链的柔顺性,两者均可提高材料的韧性;设计合成新型二胺二酐可用于改善PI的韧性;破坏原来分子链的结构,可降低分子链与苯环间的共轭,提高PI的韧性;对今后的研究方向和趋势进行了展望:分别将超支化与柔性基团和二胺二酐结合,协同增韧PI。

This paper overviewed the recent research progress in the toughening modification of polyimides at home and abroad and also summarized the toughening modification methods including the hyperbranching toughening,toughening with flexible groups,diamine or dianhydride and structural modification.Hyperbranched polymers can reduce the entanglement of molecular chains due to a large number of end groups and highly branched 3D structure,and their flexible groups can improve the flexibility of molecule chains.Both of the molecular features can enhance the toughness of polyimides.The toughness of polyimides can also be improved by the new-designed diamine and dianhydride.Moreover,the change in structure of the original molecular chains can reduce the conjugates between molecular linkages and enhances the toughness of polyimides accordingly.Finally,the further research direction and development trend were prospected.The synergistic toughening method was highly recommended for polyimides by a combination of hyperbranched polymer and flexible groups with hyperbranched polymer and diamine,dianhydride.