马拉松跑步前后人体跟腱形态结构的变化特征研究

A study of the characteristics of changing of the Achilles tendon shape structure of the human body before and after marathon running

拟通过超声技术观察业余马拉松跑者跑步前后跟腱形态结构的变化特征,观察不同性别马拉松跑者跟腱结构在跑步前后会发生怎样的变化,探索跟腱结构对马拉松跑步的急性效应机制。选择10名男子受试者,年龄(35.30±7.15)岁,身高(1.76±0.05) m,体重(68.70±5.62) kg;8名女子受试者,年龄(25.50±4.63)岁,身高(1.63±0.06) m,体重(52.88±4.88) kg,通过超声成像技术观察跑步前后跟腱长度、比目鱼肌长度、跟腱横截面积、跟腱厚度等指标的变化。研究结果发现,马拉松跑步后业余男子和女子跑者的跟腱长度均增加,且跑步前后差异均具有统计学显著性意义(男子P=0.037<0.05;女子P=0.020<0.05),跟腱相对小腿长度差异具有统计学显著性意义(男子P=0.039<0.05;女子P=0.022<0.05);男子和女子业余跑者在马拉松跑步后跟腱横截面积减小,跑步前后跟腱横截面积差异具有统计学显著性意义(男子P=0.044<0.05;女子P=0.032<0.03);男子和女子马拉松跑者的比目鱼肌肌腱长度、比目鱼肌肌腱相对小腿长度、跟腱厚度和跟腱相对BMI厚度等指标跑步前后的差异不具有统计学显著性意义。研究结论认为,马拉松的急性效应主要表现在跟腱长度增加和跟腱横截面积减小,建议马拉松跑者在进行耐力训练的同时,通过力量训练强化下肢腓肠肌和比目鱼肌肌肉肌腱结构,进而避免跟腱急性效应对肌肉肌腱的伤害。

By means of ultrasonic technology,the authors observed the characteristics of changing of the Achilles tendon shape structure of amateur runners before and after marathon running,and what changes will occur to the Achilles tendon structure of marathon runners of different genders before and after running,and explored the mechanism of the Achilles tendon structure’s acute effect on marathon running.The authors selected 10 male testees with an age of(35.30±7.15),a height of(1.76±0.05)m,and a weight of(68.70±5.62)kg,and 8 female testes with an age of(25.50±4.63),a height of(1.63±0.06)m,and a weight of(52.88±4.88)kg,and by means of ultrasonic imaging technology,observed the changing of such indexes as Achilles tendon length,soleus muscle length,Achilles tendon cross-sectional area and Achilles tendon thickness,and revealed the following findings:after marathon running,the Achilles tendon lengths of the male and female amateur runners increased,and the differences before and after running were all statistically significant(for the males:P=0.037<0.05;for the females:P=0.020<0.05),the differences in Achilles tendon lengths relative to shank lengths were also statistically significant(for the males:P=0.039<0.05;for the females:P=0.022<0.05);after marathon running,the Achilles tendon cross-sectional areas of the male and female amateur runners decreased,and the Achilles tendon cross-sectional area differences before and after running were statistically significant(for the males:P=0.044<0.05;for the females:P=0.032<0.05);before and after running,the differences in such indexes as soleus muscle tendon lengths,soleus muscle tendon lengths relative to shank lengths,Achilles tendon thickness,and Achilles tendon thickness relative to BMI with respect to the male and female marathon runners were not statistically significant.The authors concluded that marathon’s acute effect mainly shows Achilles tendon length increase and Achilles tendon cross-sectional area decrease,and suggested that marathon runners intensify the lower limbs’gastrocnemius and soleus muscle tendon structures via strength training,while carrying out stamina training,thus avoiding the damage caused to muscle tendon by Achilles tendon’s acute effect.