高营养水平日粮对夏季热应激母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标和乳成分的影响

Evaluation of high nutrient density diets on reproduction performance,serum biochemistry indices and milk composition of sows under heat-stress in summer

文章旨在研究夏季热应激母猪饲喂高营养水平日粮对其繁殖性能、血清生化指标和乳成分的影响。试验选择平均胎龄在3.5胎次的二杂(长白×大白)母猪75头,随机分为3组,每组25头。对照组饲喂基础日粮(代谢能13.94 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质16.2%),处理1组饲喂高营养水平日粮(代谢能14.41 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质16.6%),处理2组饲喂高营养水平日粮(代谢能14.70 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质17%),试验从母猪妊娠110 d到断奶再到发情。结果显示:对照组与高营养水平组对分娩或断奶后母猪体重、背膘损失无显著影响(P>0.05);高营养水平日粮对母猪活产仔数、产仔窝重、断奶仔猪数及断奶存活率均无显著影响(P>0.05),处理1组较对照组显著提高仔猪的断奶体重及平均日增重(P<0.05)。母猪分娩当天血清甘油三脂和肌酸含量显著高于断奶当天(P<0.05)。营养水平对母猪不同时期的激素水平均有影响,其中母猪断奶后血清LH和FSH水平显著升高(P<0.05),而胰岛素和皮质醇水平显著降低(P<0.05)。不同营养水平对母猪初乳、常乳中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖和总固形物含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果表明:母猪日粮中代谢能为14.41MJ/kg,粗蛋白质水平为16.6%可以提高整个哺乳期间仔猪的日增重,降低高温应激造成的背膘损失。

This study was conducted to evaluate the high nutrient diets on reproduction performance,serum biochemistry indices and milk composition of sows under heat-stress.A total of 75 multiparous crossbred sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;about 3.5 parity)were selected.Sows were divided into three treatments(25 sows/treatment)on 110 d of gestation.The Tree different nutrient levels were applied as:control basal diet(metabolism energy,ME 13.94 MJ/kg and curde protein,CP 16.2%),trial group 1(ME 14.41 MJ/kg and CP 16.6%)and trial group 2(ME 14.70 MJ/kg and CP 17%).Results showed that there was no effect in the BW at farrowing and weaning,BW change during lactation,and backfat change during lactation(P>0.05),however,the backfat thickness change was tended to reduce(P=0.09).Mean initial litter size,initial litter weight,number of weaned piglets and survivability were not different(P>0.05)in the three nutrient levels.Sows in group 1 presented the greatest weaning weight per piglet(P<0.05).The concentration of triglycerides,and creatinine were higher at post-farrowing than weaning(P<0.05).The blood concentration of luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)were increased at weaning,whereas insulin and cortisol levels were decreased at weaning(P<0.05).No significant effect in protein,fat,lactose and total solid of milk and colostrum were found among the groups(P>0.05).We conclude that the use of high nutrient level diet(ME 14.41 MJ/kg and CP 16.6%)in lactation improves litter growth and tended to decrease the negative effects of high ambient temperature on backfat thickness change.