城市不同类型绿地土壤动物群落特征

Characteristics of Soil Faunal Community in Different Types of Urban Green Space Ecosystems

【目的】为了解城市不同绿地生态系统土壤动物群落特征。【方法】采用手捡法和干湿漏斗法,于2015年10月,对都江堰市公园绿地、道路绿地、学校绿地、居民区绿地土壤动物群落结构进行调查。【结果】不同类型绿地土壤动物平均密度大小排序为公园绿地>学校绿地>居民区绿地>道路绿地;类群数大小排序为公园绿地>居民区绿地>学校绿地>道路绿地,其中公园绿地和道路绿地土壤动物类群数差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同类型绿地土壤动物垂直分布呈现表聚性,公园绿地和道路绿地5~10 cm土壤层土壤动物平均密度差异显著(P<0.05)。Margalef丰富度指数表现为道路绿地与公园绿地有显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】城市不同类型绿地生态系统土壤水肥条件对土壤动物群落结构产生影响,土壤动物群落多样性指数在评价城市绿地生态环境质量方面具有重要意义。

[Purpose]Soil fauna is an important component of soil ecosystems.To investigate soil fauna community in different urban green space ecosystems,the parks,roads,schools and residential green spaces were selected in Dujiangyan in Oct.2015.[Method]Macro-fauna were collected by hand picking,and meso and micro-fauna were collected by dry and wet funnel.[Result]There were total 1 102 individuals,which belong to 3 phyla,9 orders and 20 classes.Nematode was dominant group,and Enchytraediae and Collembola were common group.The order of average density soil fauna was:park>school>residential area>road,and the order of group number was:park>residential area>school>road.There was no significant difference among the macro-fauna group number,diversity index and average density of different urban green space ecosystems(P>0.05),respectively.There had extremely significant difference among group number of the park and road green space ecosystems(P<0.01).The significant difference of Margalef richness index was found between the park and road green space ecosystems(P<0.05).There had significant difference among average density in the second soil layer of the park and road green space ecosystems(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Different urban green space ecosystems had different soil fauna community characteristics,and which can be used as an indicator of green space ecosystems’health.