培养青少年柔道运动员竞赛活动制胜因素的心理运动能力和快速思维能力的研究

A Study on Cultivating the Psychomotor Ability and Fast Thinking Ability of Junior Judokas as the Winning Factors in Competition

为了确定培养不同体重级别的青少年柔道运动员心理运动能力和快速思维作为比赛取胜因素的重要意义,通过研究教育学观察、访谈、测试和比较分析的资料,揭示对所有体重级别柔道运动员实际的教育需求:培养复杂运动反应、选择反应、操作思维的速度,在对抗条件下的灵活性,改变比赛行为战术的能力;掌握感受反应的策略、反击战术、改变对形势应答的方式;发展创造性思维、攻防行动的节奏、场上独立性和积淀自己战术的能力。区分教练员在促进柔道运动员发展上述素质和能力方面存在不同程度的教育学态度。确定复杂反应速度、改变比赛行为战术的能力、对赢得比赛和获得名次的数量产生影响的选择反应具有重要的因子权重。进行结构性分析,证实了比赛活动和行为多变性的速度参数的重要程度。在上述结构中表现出相关联的成分:两位一体——"体重级别"和"比赛次数";循序排列的三位一体——"改变比赛行为战术的能力""技术的多样性"和"采取反击战术"。

In order to determine the importance of cultivating junior judokas with different weight levels in terms of their psychomotor ability and quick thinking as winning factors.By studying the data of pedagogical observation,interview,test and comparative analysis,this paper reveals the actual educational needs of judokas of all weight classes:cultivating the speed of complex sports response,selective response and operational thinking,flexibility under confrontational conditions,changing the ability of competition behavior and tactics,and mastering the countermeasures of sensory response,counter-attack tactics,changing the way to respond to the situation;developing creative thinking,attack and defense action rhythm,field independence and accumulating their tactical ability.There are different educational attitudes to distinguish coaches in promoting judokas to develop the above qualities and abilities.It has important factor weights to determine the complex reaction speed,the ability to change the game behavior and tactics,and the selective response that has an impact on winning the game and the number of places won.Structural analysis confirmed the importance of speed parameters for racing activities and behaviors.In the above structure,there are related elements:tw o-in-o ne--“weight category”and“number of matches”;three-in-one in sequence--“ability to change game behavior and tactics”,“technical diversity”and“counterattack tactics”.