2种划分标准下不同人群健身行为主观幸福感的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Subjective Well-being of National Fitness Behavior Groups

为了给全民健身计划实施提供具体的指向,采用问卷调查法、心理测量、数理统计法,首先,通过聚类分析将调查样本聚合为5个使用体育服务人群,分别为"低服务"经常锻炼人群(23.5%)、"知识高关注"部分经常锻炼人群(17.7%)、"高服务"部分经常锻炼人群(6.4%)、"参加/使用"体育活动/服务人群(42.9%)、"不参加/使用"体育活动/服务人群(9.5%)。其次,通过ANOVA分析对不同健身行为人群的主观幸福感水平进行比较。结果显示,在"参加体育锻炼"的基本需要得到满足之后,"健身质量"成为居民获取主观幸福感、感知美好生活的主要影响因素。居民因为全民健身行为获得的主观幸福感"增量"主要发生在2个阶段。在第1个阶段,当一个原本不参加体育锻炼的居民开始参加体育锻炼后,主观幸福感有可能得到明显提升。体现在"经常参加锻炼"人群、"参加锻炼却不达标"人群的主观幸福感显著高于"不参加锻炼"人群。在第2个阶段,当一个参加体育锻炼的居民因为使用体育服务而获得优质的健身体验时,主观幸福感有可能得到明显提升。体现在"高服务"部分经常锻炼人群、"知识高关注"部分经常锻炼人群的主观幸福感显著高于"低服务"经常锻炼人群、"参加/使用"体育活动/场地人群。最后,针对不同人群提出建议。

In order to provide specific direction of the national fitness program implementation,using questionnaires,psychological measurement,mathematical statistics,first of all,through the cluster analysis,the sample will be aggregated into five using sports service crowds,respectively“Low service”regular exercise groups(23.5%),“high concern”knowledge part of regular exercise groups(17.7%),“high service”part of the exercise groups(6.4%),“to attend/use”sports activities/services group(42.9%),“not to take part in/use”sports activities/services group(9.5%).Secondly,through ANOVA analysis,the subjective well-being level of people with different fitness behaviors was compared.The results showed that after the basic needs of“participating in physical exercise”were satisfied,“fitness quality”became the main influencing factor for residents to obtain subjective happiness and enjoy good life.The increase in subjective well-being of residents due to the national fitness behavior mainly occurs in two stages.In the first stage,when a resident who does not take part in physical exercise starts to take part in physical exercise,the subjective happiness may be significantly improved.The subjective well-being of the“regular exercisers”and the“exercisers but do not reach the standard”was significantly higher than that of the“non-exercisers”.In the second stage,when a resident taking part in physical exercise gets a good fitness experience because of the use of sports services,subjective well-being may be significantly improved.The subjective well-being of“high service”part of regular exercise crowd and“high concern”knowledge part exercise crowd is significantly higher than that of the“low service”regular exercise crowd and“join/use”sports activities/venue crowd.Finally,Suggestions are made for different groups of people.